Design of a STEP compliant system for turning operations

The changing economic climate has made global manufacturing a growing necessity over the last decade, forcing companies from East and West to collaborate beyond geographic boundaries in the design, manufacture and assembly of products. The ISO 10303 and ISO 14649 Standards (STEP and STEP-NC) have been developed to introduce interoperability into manufacturing enterprises so as to meet the challenges of responding to production on demand. This paper describes and illustrates a STEP compliant CAD/CAPP/CAM System for the manufacture of rotational parts on CNC turning centers. The information models to support the proposed system together with the data models defined in the ISO 14649 standard used to create the NC programs are also described. A structured view of a STEP compliant CAD/CAPP/CAM system framework supporting the next generation of intelligent CNC controllers for turn/mill component manufacture is provided. Finally a proposed computational environment for a STEP-NC compliant system for turning operations (SCSTO) is described. SCSTO is the experimental aspect of the research and is supported by information models that and have been constructed using a structured methodology and object-oriented methods. SCSTO was developed to generate a Part 21 file based on machining features to support the interactive generation of process plans utilizing feature extraction. A case study component has been developed to prove the concept of using the milling and turning parts of ISO 14649 to provide a turn-mill CAD/CAPP/CAM environment

A STEP-compliant approach to turning operations

There is no doubt that today manufacturing is more competitive and challenging than ever before in trying to respond to “production on demand”. Due to the complexity of programming there is a need to model process capability to improve the interoperable manufacturing capability of machines such as turning centres. This chapter focuses on the use of the new standard; ISO 14649 (STEP-NC), to address the process planning and machining of discrete turned components. It explores how ISO 14649 can be used to combine turning and milling operations to support interoperable CNC manufacturing of rotational asymmetric components at a single turning centre. This chapter focuses on the creation of a computational environment for a STEP-NC compliant system for turning operations namely SCSTO. SCSTO is the experimental part of the research, supported by specification of information models and constructed using a structured methodology and object-oriented methods. SCSTO was developed to generate a Part 21 file based on machining features to support the interactive generation of process plans utilising feature extraction. An important aspect was the need to overcome the complexities of component geometry including milling features so as to have the ability to manufacture turn/mill components

Machining of rotational asymmetric components with a single turning centre

The key to successful manufacturing of complicated geometry in numerically controlled machines lies in the control and quality of operations planning. Process planning, as it is considered plays an important role in the innovation process. It is the interface between product development and manufacturing system development. Hence, in this paper, process planning is considered to be an active part in the concurrent development of products and their manufacturing systems, not only as an activity where manufacturing resources are selected. The authors focus on the use of the new standard; ISO 14649, to address the process planning and machining of turn/mill discrete components. This paper identifies a view of how ISO 14649 can be used to combine turning and milling operations to achieve the complete machining of rotational asymmetric components at a single turning centre. The use of the individual parts of the evolving standard ISO 14649, namely Parts 10, 11, 12, 111 and 121 has been investigated to provide the means to represent STEP-compliant turn/mill component programs

STEP compliant NC for interoperable manufacture of turn/mill discrete components

This paper reports ongoing research on the application of new standards for CNC machining to enable quality assured customised part manufacture by implementing the new standard, ISO 14649 otherwise known as STEP-NC. The paper focuses on the use of this new standard, to address the process planning and machining of turn/mill discrete components. Today complex turn/mill components can be produced on a wide range of turning centre configurations with multi axes, twin spindles and dual turrets. Due to the complexity of programming there is a need to model their process capability to improve the interoperable manufacturing capability on machines such as turning centres. This paper proposes a STEP Compliant NC structure for generation of ISO 14646 code which can be used for turn/mill component manufacture

Application of STEP-NC for CNC machining of asymmetrical components

Research focused on design integrated CAD and CAM has been conducted since the 1980s and will continue in order to achieve CAD/CAM integration. CAD/CAM systems have become a common tool in industries to design parts and simulate the manufacturing machining. This research focuses on the area of interoperable CNC machining systems and CNC systems based on the evolving STEP-NC standard. This paper describes and illustrates a STEP compliant CAD/CAPP/CAM System for the manufacture of rotational components on CNC turning centres. A structured view of a STEP compliant CAD/CAPP/CAM system framework supporting the next generation of intelligent CNC controllers for turn/mill component manufacture is provided. Finally the proposed system is outlined by the modelling of a turning workstation and through the use of user interface dialogs that depict the information held in the models. The case study demonstrates that the new approach can generate machining instructions equivalent to currently used G-codes for the same component

Interoperable CNC system for turning operations

The changing economic climate has made global manufacturing a growing reality over the last decade, forcing companies from east and west and all over the world to collaborate beyond geographic boundaries in the design, manufacture and assemble of products. The ISO10303 and ISO14649 Standards (STEP and STEP-NC) have been developed to introduce interoperability into manufacturing enterprises so as to meet the challenge of responding to production on demand. This paper describes and illustrates a STEP compliant CAD/CAPP/CAM System for the manufacture of rotational parts on CNC turning centers. The information models to support the proposed system together with the data models defined in the ISO14649 standard used to create the NC programs are also described. A structured view of a STEP compliant CAD/CAPP/CAM system framework supporting the next generation of intelligent CNC controllers for turn/mill component manufacture is provided. Finally a proposed computational environment for a STEP-NC compliant system for turning operations (SCSTO) is described. SCSTO is the experimental part of the research supported by the specification of information models and constructed using a structured methodology and object-oriented methods. SCSTO was developed to generate a Part 21 file based on machining features to support the interactive generation of process plans utilizing feature extraction. A case study component has been developed to prove the concept for using the milling and turning parts of ISO14649 to provide a turn-mill CAD/CAPP/CAM environment

A STEP-compliant system for turning operations

Several CAPP and CAM systems related to STEP-NC compliance are being implemented or commercialized around the world but the focus on turning operations has been limited in the second respect. This paper describes and illustrates a STEP compliant CAD/CAPP/CAM System for the manufacture of rotational parts on CNC turning centers. The information models to support the proposed system together with the data models defined in the ISO14649 standard used to create the NC programs are also described. A structured view of a STEP compliant CAD/CAPP/CAM system framework supporting the next generation of intelligent CNC controllers for turn/mill component manufacture is provided. Finally the authors proposed system is outlined by the modeling of a turn/mill workstation and through the use of user interface dialogs that depict the information held in the models. A case study component has been developed to prove the concept for using the milling and turning parts of ISO14649 to provide a turn-mill CAD/CAPP/CAM environment

The design of a STEP-NC compliant CAD/CAP/CAM system for the manufacture of rotational parts on a CNC turning centre

There have been many efforts to apply the STEP standard for process planning of a part with previous researchers developing feature extraction systems, for connecting the design stage with the process planning stage or information models for CAPP by using object-oriented modelling and other approaches. Several CAPP and CAM systems related to STEP-NC compliance are under implementation or commercialisation around the world but the focus for turning operations has been limited in the second aspect. This paper describes and illustrates a STEP compliant CAD/CAPP/CAM System for the manufacture of rotational parts on CNC turning centres. The information models to support the proposed system together with the information models defined in the ISO14649 standard used to create the NC programs are also described. A structured view of a STEP compliant CAD/CAPP/CAM system framework supporting the next generation of intelligent CNC controllers for turn/mill component manufacture is provided. Finally the authors proposed system is outlined by the modelling of a turn/mill workstation and through the use of user interface dialogs that depict the information held in the models. A case study component has been developed to prove the concept for using the milling and turning parts of ISO14649 to provide a turn-mill CAD/CAPP/CAM environment. The framework focuses on the standardisation of turn/mill product and manufacturing information models ensure that the content is consistent throughout the product life cycle enabling quality assured manufacturing

Interoperable process planning facility for turn/mill components

This paper reports ongoing research into the application of new standards for CNC machining to enable quality assured customised part manufacture by implementing the new standard, ISO 14649 otherwise known as STEP-NC. The STEP-NC standard presents the opportunity to develop a new structure for feature-based process planning for manufacturing through the direct use of CAD data which form the direct input format into the NC and to address the process planning and machining of turn/mill discrete components. This paper proposes a STEP Compliant NC structure for generation of ISO 14646 code which can be used for turn/mill component manufacture and proposes manufacturing and process models based on a combination of the ISO 14649 standards to represent turning, milling and their respective tooling standards. Finally, the use of the individual parts of the evolving standard ISO 14649, namely Part 10, 12, and 121 has been investigated to provide the means to represent STEP-compliant turn/mill component program

Contact measurement data in CMM for mild Delrin.

In the context of Industry 4.0, manufacturing metrology is crucial for inspecting and measuring machines. The Internet of Things (IoT) technology enables seamless communication between advanced industrial devices through local and cloud computing servers. This study investigates the use of the MQTT protocol to enhance the performance of circularity measurement data transmission between cloud servers and round-hole data sources through Open CV. Accurate inspection of circular characteristics, particularly roundness errors, is vital for lubricant distribution, assemblies, and rotational force innovation. Circularity measurement techniques employ algorithms like the minimal zone circle tolerance algorithm. Vision inspection systems, utilizing image processing techniques, can promptly and accurately detect quality concerns by analyzing the model’s surface through circular dimension analysis. This involves sending the model’s image to a computer, which employs techniques such as Hough Transform, Edge Detection, and Contour Analysis to identify circular features and extract relevant parameters. This method is utilized in the camera industry and component assembly. To assess the performance, a comparative experiment was conducted between the non-contact-based 3SMVI system and the contact-based CMM system widely used in various industries for roundness evaluation. The CMM technique is known for its high precision but is time-consuming. Experimental results indicated a variation of 5 to 9.6 micrometers between the two methods. It is suggested that using a high-resolution camera and appropriate lighting conditions can further enhance result precision.</div